To study for this Herculean task of utter banality, please consult the following resources!
You should be logging the multiple choice questions that you have been getting incorrect into your student tracker. Once this is done, you can focus on the time periods that you are having trouble with by-
1. Looking in your regents review packet. The corresponding page numbers are to the right of the time period on your tracker.
2. Looking on this page to find the time period in question. You can also watch the trailers and John Green videos I have added.
3. Review the powerpoint below
4. Practice the multiple choice questions that you need help with the most here:
http://www.regentsprep.org/regents/core/questions/topics.cfm?Course=GLOB
You should be logging the multiple choice questions that you have been getting incorrect into your student tracker. Once this is done, you can focus on the time periods that you are having trouble with by-
1. Looking in your regents review packet. The corresponding page numbers are to the right of the time period on your tracker.
2. Looking on this page to find the time period in question. You can also watch the trailers and John Green videos I have added.
3. Review the powerpoint below
4. Practice the multiple choice questions that you need help with the most here:
http://www.regentsprep.org/regents/core/questions/topics.cfm?Course=GLOB
regents_terms_final.pdf | |
File Size: | 71 kb |
File Type: |
https://quizlet.com/58825021/regents-prep-flash-cards/
You can find flash cards and games with the regents vocab by clicking the link above!
You can find flash cards and games with the regents vocab by clicking the link above!
Below, you will find a master timeline of all the major turning points in global history.
contributions_of_societies.docx | |
File Size: | 163 kb |
File Type: | docx |
Neolithic Revolution and Early River Valley Civilizations
The Neolithic Revolution was a time period about 10, 000 years ago when humans changed from hunting & gathering (which was dangerous) to settling down and domesticating plants and animals – agriculture.
People changed from nomads to farmers. When people settled down and farmed, they had more food and populations grew. Eventually cities formed. These cities formed in river valleys because they had rich soil (silt) for farming.
There were 4 important river valleys: The Nile (Egypt/Africa), The Tigris-Euphrates (Mesopotamia), Yellow (China), and Indus (India) Rivers. These were the places where organized, advanced civilizations began.
The Neolithic Revolution was a time period about 10, 000 years ago when humans changed from hunting & gathering (which was dangerous) to settling down and domesticating plants and animals – agriculture.
People changed from nomads to farmers. When people settled down and farmed, they had more food and populations grew. Eventually cities formed. These cities formed in river valleys because they had rich soil (silt) for farming.
There were 4 important river valleys: The Nile (Egypt/Africa), The Tigris-Euphrates (Mesopotamia), Yellow (China), and Indus (India) Rivers. These were the places where organized, advanced civilizations began.
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Classical Civilizations
Ancient Greece was the birthplace of many Western traditions. It was famous for the great battles between the two major polis (city-states): Athens (which was a direct democracy) and Sparta (which was a military dictatorship). Athens experienced a "golden age" of culture because they excelled in government (the first democracy), sports (the first Olympics), architecture (buildings with pillars), and the arts (sculpture, theater, literature, philosophy). **Athens was also the birthplace of democracy. It was a direct democracy, meaning all citizens had equal vote. The Greeks are famed for philosophy (Socrates & Plato), epics (Homer), architecture (the Parthenon) and math (Pythagorean theorum, etc.) Greece formed an empire under Alexander the Great that covered Greece, the Persian Empire and as far east as the edge of India. The culture that came from cultural diffusion between these regions was called Hellenistic Culture. Rome was the largest civilization in the world at its time, with about 70 million people in the Roman empire at its peak, with 1 million in the city of Rome. **The Romans had a great system of roads to transport goods, information, and soldiers around the empire. **The Roman system of law, called the 12 Tables, was a very advanced system of law that greatly influenced the US legal system. For a while, Rome was a Republic (a democracy in which people elect representatives to govern), a system that greatly influenced later democracies. Rome experienced a Golden Age during the period called Pax Romana (Roman Peace). It began when Emperor Augustus changed Rome from a republic into a monarchy. During this period, there was peace, prosperity, widespread trade and great cultural development. |
Classical Empires & Golden Ages
Qin/Han China China was first unified under the Qin Dynasty in 221 BCE. Unification came through war under the emperor Shi Huangdi, who believed in legalism (harsh law code of total control).
After the Qin dynasty came the Han Dynasty, during which China experienced its first Golden Age.
The Silk Road was a road that connected China to the Middle East and to Europe.The Chinese were the only people in the world who knew how to make silk. Silk was traded on the Silk Road but it also spread ideas and culture between China and the Middle East.
The T'ang & Song Dynasties (618 - 902 CE). The Tang Dynasty of China claimed the "Mandate of Heaven" (divine right) from the Han after it collapsed after 220 CE. The Tang & Song expanded China’s territory, constructed canals and roads for international trade, expanded trade throughout Asia, redistributed land to peasants, and made advances in printing, porcelain making, medicine, time keeping and gunpowder.
The Gupta Empire (320 - 550 CE) marked India’s Golden Age. The Guptas invented the concept of zero. The Gupta Empire built roads for international trade, expanded trade in silk, spices and luxury goods to the Chinese, Persians, Byzantine and Roman Empires, and deepened the caste system - dividing the society but added stability and order.
The Byzantine Empire (330 - 1453 CE) rose in Eastern Europe & Turkey after the fall of Rome. It preserved Roman laws, in what was called Justinian's Code and which became the model for late European legal systems. The Byzantine Empire also expanded trade in silk, spices and luxury goods to Chinese, Persians and Western Europe, and was the center of the Eastern Orthodox Christian Church, which it passed to Eastern Europe and Russia. Russia also took the Cyrillic alphabet from the Byzantine Empire.
Qin/Han China China was first unified under the Qin Dynasty in 221 BCE. Unification came through war under the emperor Shi Huangdi, who believed in legalism (harsh law code of total control).
After the Qin dynasty came the Han Dynasty, during which China experienced its first Golden Age.
The Silk Road was a road that connected China to the Middle East and to Europe.The Chinese were the only people in the world who knew how to make silk. Silk was traded on the Silk Road but it also spread ideas and culture between China and the Middle East.
The T'ang & Song Dynasties (618 - 902 CE). The Tang Dynasty of China claimed the "Mandate of Heaven" (divine right) from the Han after it collapsed after 220 CE. The Tang & Song expanded China’s territory, constructed canals and roads for international trade, expanded trade throughout Asia, redistributed land to peasants, and made advances in printing, porcelain making, medicine, time keeping and gunpowder.
The Gupta Empire (320 - 550 CE) marked India’s Golden Age. The Guptas invented the concept of zero. The Gupta Empire built roads for international trade, expanded trade in silk, spices and luxury goods to the Chinese, Persians, Byzantine and Roman Empires, and deepened the caste system - dividing the society but added stability and order.
The Byzantine Empire (330 - 1453 CE) rose in Eastern Europe & Turkey after the fall of Rome. It preserved Roman laws, in what was called Justinian's Code and which became the model for late European legal systems. The Byzantine Empire also expanded trade in silk, spices and luxury goods to Chinese, Persians and Western Europe, and was the center of the Eastern Orthodox Christian Church, which it passed to Eastern Europe and Russia. Russia also took the Cyrillic alphabet from the Byzantine Empire.
Expanding Zones of Exchange (500-1500)
The Middle Ages (500-1500 CE) of Europe (Medieval period) was dominated by Feudalism the Catholic Church.
**Feudalism is the idea that the King grants land to the Nobles. The Nobles had serfs (peasants) work the land and pay the king with what was produced on the land. Knights worked for the Nobles as a source of protection, kind of like a neighborhood army to protect the manor. When the King went to war with another king, he got all the knights from his Nobles to help him in battle. There was a strict social order, with the poor serfs on the bottom.
Knights were bound by the code of Chivalry - they had to be nice to the ladies and act with honor and dignity.
Since the serfs had very little to look forward to during their life, they placed a great emphasis on religion, which promised them a great life in heaven.
**The Catholic Church was very important during this time - it provided order and unity (a common Regents question)
Early Japan. The first religion of Japan was Shinto, which taught worship of spirits of nature. Shinto is a form of Animism, the belief that every living and non-living things in nature has a spirit.
**Regents questions about early Japan usually involve comparing European and Japanese Feudalism.
They were similar systems, offering little social mobility. If you were born a peasant, you remained a peasant.
Daimyo were the lords of Japanese feudalism and Samurai the warriors.
Like knights, samurai lived by a code, called bushido.
Japan was a very isolated country: they kept to themselves and tried to minimize contact with others (pretty easy to do since it is a group of islands). But, Japan was still heavily influenced by China through the peninsula of Korea, which lies between China and Japan and through which Buddhism, Confucianism and Chinese writing reached Japan.
Golden Age of Islam (700-1200 CE). After Muhammad’s death, the Islamic world was controlled by caliphs, or kings. They followed Sharia, the Islamic system of law. Under the caliphs, Islam expanded across the Middle East and beyond.
Islam split into two groups, Sunnis and Shiites, and is still divided today.
The Golden Age of Islam came under the Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties. Both expanded Islam’s area and power. They were very tolerant of people of other cultures and religions in their empires.
During Islam’s Golden Age, great advances were made in science (astronomy & engineering), medicine (hospitals & vaccines) and math. These advances were built on ancient Greek learning and were eventually passed back to Europe.
African Trade Kingdoms (800-1600). Outside of Egypt, complex civilizations took a while to develop in Africa because of its geography. Massive deserts, dry savannahs and dense rainforests, as well as the lack of many good natural harbors, made it hard for people to move across regions in Africa.
Southern Africa was populated from 500 BCE – 1500 CE by the Bantu Migration, the movement of people known as the Bantu, natives of West Africa, across the continent. They spread their technology and language.
**The great kingdoms of Ghana, Mali and Songhai rose in West Africa from 800-1600 CE based on the trade of gold & salt.
Through trade, Islam was introduced to the area. Mali King Mansa Musa made the pilgrimage to Mecca in the 1300s.
The Middle Ages (500-1500 CE) of Europe (Medieval period) was dominated by Feudalism the Catholic Church.
**Feudalism is the idea that the King grants land to the Nobles. The Nobles had serfs (peasants) work the land and pay the king with what was produced on the land. Knights worked for the Nobles as a source of protection, kind of like a neighborhood army to protect the manor. When the King went to war with another king, he got all the knights from his Nobles to help him in battle. There was a strict social order, with the poor serfs on the bottom.
Knights were bound by the code of Chivalry - they had to be nice to the ladies and act with honor and dignity.
Since the serfs had very little to look forward to during their life, they placed a great emphasis on religion, which promised them a great life in heaven.
**The Catholic Church was very important during this time - it provided order and unity (a common Regents question)
Early Japan. The first religion of Japan was Shinto, which taught worship of spirits of nature. Shinto is a form of Animism, the belief that every living and non-living things in nature has a spirit.
**Regents questions about early Japan usually involve comparing European and Japanese Feudalism.
They were similar systems, offering little social mobility. If you were born a peasant, you remained a peasant.
Daimyo were the lords of Japanese feudalism and Samurai the warriors.
Like knights, samurai lived by a code, called bushido.
Japan was a very isolated country: they kept to themselves and tried to minimize contact with others (pretty easy to do since it is a group of islands). But, Japan was still heavily influenced by China through the peninsula of Korea, which lies between China and Japan and through which Buddhism, Confucianism and Chinese writing reached Japan.
Golden Age of Islam (700-1200 CE). After Muhammad’s death, the Islamic world was controlled by caliphs, or kings. They followed Sharia, the Islamic system of law. Under the caliphs, Islam expanded across the Middle East and beyond.
Islam split into two groups, Sunnis and Shiites, and is still divided today.
The Golden Age of Islam came under the Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties. Both expanded Islam’s area and power. They were very tolerant of people of other cultures and religions in their empires.
During Islam’s Golden Age, great advances were made in science (astronomy & engineering), medicine (hospitals & vaccines) and math. These advances were built on ancient Greek learning and were eventually passed back to Europe.
African Trade Kingdoms (800-1600). Outside of Egypt, complex civilizations took a while to develop in Africa because of its geography. Massive deserts, dry savannahs and dense rainforests, as well as the lack of many good natural harbors, made it hard for people to move across regions in Africa.
Southern Africa was populated from 500 BCE – 1500 CE by the Bantu Migration, the movement of people known as the Bantu, natives of West Africa, across the continent. They spread their technology and language.
**The great kingdoms of Ghana, Mali and Songhai rose in West Africa from 800-1600 CE based on the trade of gold & salt.
Through trade, Islam was introduced to the area. Mali King Mansa Musa made the pilgrimage to Mecca in the 1300s.
The Crusades (1096-1291) started when Muslims defeated the weakening Byzantine Empire to take control of Jerusalem, the holiest site for Christians, Jews and a very holy site for Muslims. Inspired by Pope Urban II, the Christian Europeans decided to go on various "Crusades" - to free these holy sites from Muslim control.
The Crusades (there were several of them) didn't really work - the Christians never took lasting control of the Holy Land from the Muslims.
**But Europeans and Muslims gained new ideas and products as they traded with each other and were exposed to each others culture.
On the bad side, the Crusades led to lasting hatred between Christians and Muslims and the permanent split of the Catholic & Eastern Orthodox churches.
The Crusades (there were several of them) didn't really work - the Christians never took lasting control of the Holy Land from the Muslims.
**But Europeans and Muslims gained new ideas and products as they traded with each other and were exposed to each others culture.
On the bad side, the Crusades led to lasting hatred between Christians and Muslims and the permanent split of the Catholic & Eastern Orthodox churches.
The Mongols (1200-1400). Most Regents Questions about The Mongols are based on maps.
The most important thing to remember about The Mongol empire is that it was the largest in world history, stretching from the East coast of China all the way to Eastern Europe.
The Mongols, led by Genghis Khan and later his grandson Kublai Khan, who ruled China as emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, were fierce warriors. They invented the stirrup, which allowed them to control their horses in battle.
The Mongols were famous for killing millions, but also for allowing the people they conquered to maintain their culture and identity.
**Trade flourished across Eurasia under the Mongols, and Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta traveled across the empire. But, the Mongols did cut Russia off from the rest of Europe, leading Russia to fall way behind Western Europe.
The most important thing to remember about The Mongol empire is that it was the largest in world history, stretching from the East coast of China all the way to Eastern Europe.
The Mongols, led by Genghis Khan and later his grandson Kublai Khan, who ruled China as emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, were fierce warriors. They invented the stirrup, which allowed them to control their horses in battle.
The Mongols were famous for killing millions, but also for allowing the people they conquered to maintain their culture and identity.
**Trade flourished across Eurasia under the Mongols, and Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta traveled across the empire. But, the Mongols did cut Russia off from the rest of Europe, leading Russia to fall way behind Western Europe.
The Plague (Black Death) was a disease that spread through Europe and Asia during the middle of the 1300's.
Millions of people died, especially in crowded cities that had poor sanitation and poor knowledge of medicine.
It is estimated that one out of three people in Europe died of the Plague.
The disease was spread by flea-bearing rats and came from China along trade routes.
Millions of people died, especially in crowded cities that had poor sanitation and poor knowledge of medicine.
It is estimated that one out of three people in Europe died of the Plague.
The disease was spread by flea-bearing rats and came from China along trade routes.
The Renaissance (late 1300s-1500s) was a re-birth of culture in Europe which started in Italy. Art, architecture, and literature all flourished during the Renaissance.
It started in Italy because Italian city-states were making a lot of money through trade (you need a lot of money to finance art).
Renaissance artists and thinkers looked back to the golden age of the Greeks for inspiration.
**Humanism, the idea that all people are capable of greatness and have value, was a big part of the Renaissance. Artists celebrated human achievement and form (think statue of David).
The Renaissance was mostly a secular (non-religious) movement.
The phrase "The endscame from Renaissance thinker Machiavelli's book "The Prince".
It started in Italy because Italian city-states were making a lot of money through trade (you need a lot of money to finance art).
Renaissance artists and thinkers looked back to the golden age of the Greeks for inspiration.
**Humanism, the idea that all people are capable of greatness and have value, was a big part of the Renaissance. Artists celebrated human achievement and form (think statue of David).
The Renaissance was mostly a secular (non-religious) movement.
The phrase "The endscame from Renaissance thinker Machiavelli's book "The Prince".
The Reformation (1500s) was a period of great change in the Catholic Church. It was started by the monk Martin Luther, who was upset over corruption within the Catholic Church, and the Church’s sale of indulgences, which were kind of like 'get into heaven free cards'.
He hung a list of 95 Theses, or ideas, protesting the Catholic Church, on the door of a church in Germany.
Because of the new printing press. these ideas were printed up and spread all over Europe.
**Because of this movement Protestants were born and the Catholic Church lost power.
Now Christians are split between Catholics and Protestants. There are many schools of Protestants, including Calvinists, Presbyterians, Baptists, etc.
He hung a list of 95 Theses, or ideas, protesting the Catholic Church, on the door of a church in Germany.
Because of the new printing press. these ideas were printed up and spread all over Europe.
**Because of this movement Protestants were born and the Catholic Church lost power.
Now Christians are split between Catholics and Protestants. There are many schools of Protestants, including Calvinists, Presbyterians, Baptists, etc.
MesoAmerica is the term for American civilizations before the arrival of Europeans. The main civilizations were the Aztecs, the Incas, and the Mayans. They had advanced math and calendars.
**The Regents Exam often has a questions relating to the fact that there were advanced, complex civilizations in the America's before the arrival of Europeans.
The Aztecs were in present day Mexico and giant ziggurats where they made human sacrifices to the Sun God.
The Incas lived in the Andes Mountains of South America (Peru & Chile) and were famous for their terraced farming.
But once the Europeans came with their guns, cannon, metal weapons and diseases, they quickly overran these civilizations.
**The Regents Exam often has a questions relating to the fact that there were advanced, complex civilizations in the America's before the arrival of Europeans.
The Aztecs were in present day Mexico and giant ziggurats where they made human sacrifices to the Sun God.
The Incas lived in the Andes Mountains of South America (Peru & Chile) and were famous for their terraced farming.
But once the Europeans came with their guns, cannon, metal weapons and diseases, they quickly overran these civilizations.
European Exploration and Cortez (1400-1500s). With the invention of the compass and the astrolabe, (navigation tools) Europeans began sailing and exploring all over the world. And when they got to these far away places they realized they had better weapons than the local people, so they killed and enslaved them.
The Spanish (led by Columbus and then conquistadors like Cortez and Pissarro) easily defeated the native people in the New World and claimed the land as colonies for European countries.
They had better weapons, and they carried diseases like smallpox that devastated the New World people.
The Spanish used the encomienda system to control their colonies. Spanish colonists were granted right to use land in the New World, as well as right to use the natives that lived on the land as labor.
**Once they established contact in the New World - both sides started trading with each other. This is called the Columbian Exchange - Europeans got New World goods (corn, tomatoes, potatoes, chilies), and the New World people got Old World goods (grains, livestock, horses, diseases, and eventually slaves).
The Spanish (led by Columbus and then conquistadors like Cortez and Pissarro) easily defeated the native people in the New World and claimed the land as colonies for European countries.
They had better weapons, and they carried diseases like smallpox that devastated the New World people.
The Spanish used the encomienda system to control their colonies. Spanish colonists were granted right to use land in the New World, as well as right to use the natives that lived on the land as labor.
**Once they established contact in the New World - both sides started trading with each other. This is called the Columbian Exchange - Europeans got New World goods (corn, tomatoes, potatoes, chilies), and the New World people got Old World goods (grains, livestock, horses, diseases, and eventually slaves).
The Slave Trade When the Europeans went to the New World they enslaved many of the native people to work in gold mines and the sugar cane, cotton, and tobacco plantations. However, the natives died rapidly when exposed to European diseases. So the Europeans began importing slaves from Africa to work in their New World colonies.
African slaves were part of the Triangle Trade, a system of trade between Europe, the New World and Africa.
Many African slaves died on their way across the Atlantic in a brutal journey called "The Middle Passage".
Many think of African slavery as an American (US) event - but the vast majority of African slaves were brought to the Caribbean and South America.
Mercantilism is a concept that came out during the Age of Exploration. Under the system of Mercantilism the colonies exist for the benefit of the imperial power.
Mercantilism is the idea that a nation is more powerful and wealthy if it has overseas colonies. Overseas colonies provide gold and silver for the home country. The colonies also provide raw materials and will also buy manufactured goods from the home country.
African slaves were part of the Triangle Trade, a system of trade between Europe, the New World and Africa.
Many African slaves died on their way across the Atlantic in a brutal journey called "The Middle Passage".
Many think of African slavery as an American (US) event - but the vast majority of African slaves were brought to the Caribbean and South America.
Mercantilism is a concept that came out during the Age of Exploration. Under the system of Mercantilism the colonies exist for the benefit of the imperial power.
Mercantilism is the idea that a nation is more powerful and wealthy if it has overseas colonies. Overseas colonies provide gold and silver for the home country. The colonies also provide raw materials and will also buy manufactured goods from the home country.
Absolutism is the concept that a ruler has absolute rule over his nation. Absolute rulers are usually kings such as Louis XIV of France, Henry VIII of England, or Peter the Great of Russia.
Absolute rulers justified their total control through the idea of divine right, meaning their power came from God.
Louis XIV is the classic absolute ruler with his giant palace at Versailles and his famous quote, "I am the State".
Absolute rulers dominated Europe in the 1500s and 1600s.
Responses to Absolutism. People grew tired of Absolute Monarchs so they began to try and limit their power.
In England, the Magna Carta and then the English Bill of Rights created a Limited Monarchy. Parliament was created to balance out power in the British government.
This was an important step toward our modern world which is so dominated by democracy.
In England they even went so far as to execute (cut off his head) King Charles I - in public!
Absolute rulers justified their total control through the idea of divine right, meaning their power came from God.
Louis XIV is the classic absolute ruler with his giant palace at Versailles and his famous quote, "I am the State".
Absolute rulers dominated Europe in the 1500s and 1600s.
Responses to Absolutism. People grew tired of Absolute Monarchs so they began to try and limit their power.
In England, the Magna Carta and then the English Bill of Rights created a Limited Monarchy. Parliament was created to balance out power in the British government.
This was an important step toward our modern world which is so dominated by democracy.
In England they even went so far as to execute (cut off his head) King Charles I - in public!